Water control in underground mines grouting or drainage. For this the headrace tunnel of the khimti i hydropower project in nepal himalaya has been taken as a case. Grouting of the annular space between the sanitary sewer pipe and the primary tunnel liner. Significance of grouting for controlling leakage in water. Then the sitespecific grouting techniques employed in the xiangan subsea tunnel are elaborated. A pdf version of this document can be downloaded from. The system is primarily designed for the backgrouting of ring segments in tunnels. The compaction grouting mode or hydrofracture grouting mode can be used depending on the local geological conditions of the given project soga et. Sp120152 new special provisions for tunnel grouting. Single packer grouting carried out to prevent water ingress and material collapse in between roof pipes forepoling of a shotcrete lined tunnel is described. Grouting techniques for deep subsea sewage tunnels in. Description a large tunneling contractor found itself in a difficult situation with a large flowing water leak in a new rock tunnel 20 metres underground. The main grout pump can be set to keep a pressure or flow, and the additive pump will.
Pressure grouting is used in many ways and for various pur poses in tunnel construction. Grouting from the bottom of shafts during sinking is a common practice in the industry for overcoming sections with poor ground conditions or excessive ground water inflow. By using this ground reinforcement technique, the tunneling. In the hats 2a project, the grout holes are typically located around the tunnel circumference and through the tunnel face. Chemical grouting is a permeation grouting technique used for a variety of applications including tunnel presupport, underpinning, groundwater cutoff, and settlement control. A grouting technique is introduced as a measure to protect tunnels adjacent to a largescale excavation. The grouting design of this tunnel was based on two different materials, which have different.
Grouting techniques for deep subsea sewage tunnels in hong. Most work today requires stopping the tunnel driving for grout injection or else grouting ahead from the surface. Use of grouting to control horizontal tunnel deformation. Unified facilities guide specifications references are in agreement with umrl dated january 2020 section table of contents division 31 earthwork section 31 73 00 tunnel. A grouting method could in general consist of five main activities.
Tunnel grout mixing system the system is primarily designed for producing grout for the back filling of ring segments. Analysis and modeling of grouting and its application in. Pregrouting for tunnels in rock the case for new thinkin. For this purpose, experience gained from two well documented.
Field measurements indicated that this grouting technique reduced the maximum horizontal. Bruce, member, geoinstitute1 abstract pregrouting is an extremely important part of many rock tunneling projects. In most tunnel and rock cavern grouting operations, the grout injection holes are drilled using the tunnelling rig. Rock mass grouting norsk forening for fjellsprengningsteknikk. Consolidation and strengthening of weak soil during tunnelling excavation curtain grouting for concrete and earth dams. Water inflow prediction and grouting design for tunnel. Operational analyses of pressure tunnel and shaft grouting. Grouting is a key element in hydropower construction, as it enhances the longterm stability of a conduit. This paper discusses the peg method for sealing joints and fissures in the rock mass. The mixer illustrated below comes complete with automated weigh batching which.
Practical guide to grouting of underground structures presents a handson discussion of grouting fundamentals and provides a foundation for the development of practical specifications and field. Tunnel backfill grouting pacific international grout company. The unified facilities criteria ufc system is prescribed by milstd 3007 and provides planning, design, construction, sustainment, restoration, and modernization criteria, and applies to the military. The pregrouting scheme must cover the complete 360 degrees of a tunnel and include regulations for control holes and success criteria for the grouting work. Grouting was carried out by a group procedure on four grouting profiles. Tunnel grouting systems are employed to fill voids between the pipe and the surrounding geological structures at a junction or between two products such as a host pipe and a liner. Under most conditions, grouting from the surface is economically more wasteful.
Compensation grouting at florence hsr tunnel paolo cucino sws engineering s. The paper focuses on the role of jet grouting on tunnel support, although the influence of supplementary techniques is also considered. Grouting techniques for the unfavorable geological conditions of. Cement grouting to fill voids in tunnel cross passage.
Pdf contact grouting is done to fill the cavitiesvoids between concrete and rock mass on account of shrinkage of concrete and uneven over. Pdf grouting and its application in tunneling researchgate. Examples of tunnel grouting operations include pregrouting in advance of tunnel. Tunnel construction projects routinely encounter water inflows associated with open fractures, joints and fault structures. Grouting by tunnel machine grout injection systems should be incorporated into tunnel machines to provide continuous grouting as the tunnel advances. Minimum unconfined compressive strength of grouted soil. Application of the pressure grouting in the hydraulic. Pdf grouting of the annular gap in shield tunneling an. Pdf efficacy of grouting in head race tunnel researchgate. Cross passage construction in between two bored tunnel requires safety consideration and grouting if often chosen where the ground is weak or.
Grouting voids in ground resulting from caving, loss of ground, or. Even given that the logistical challenges facing tunnel pregrouting from underground will prevent all the sophistication and. Click download or read online button to get practical guide to grouting of underground structures book now. Grouting is critically important in tunnel engineering. Grouting for pressure tunnels and shafts can be grouped into rock mass and structural grouting. Preexcavation grouting graz university of technology. Grouting of the annular gap in shield tunneling an important factor for minimization of settlements and for production performance article pdf available january 2009 with 3,984 reads. The key to costeffective tunnel backfill grouting lies in having the equipment to do the job efficiently and personnel who are trained to respond to a wide range of conditions.
Injection grouting is a process of filling the cracks, open joints, voids, or honeycombs, in concrete or masonry structural members, under pressure with a material that cures in place to produce the desired. Graf, pressure grout company state of the art pressure grouting is used in many ways and for various purposes in tunnel construction. Grouting techniques for the unfavorable geological. However, poor and unsatisfactory performances have been frequently recorded often with very severe consequences.
Grouting works are a significant part of these important projects, mainly in. Dam foundation grouting revised and expanded edition by kenneth d. Practical guide to grouting of underground structures. Requirements and ground water control during construction phase. Analysis and modeling of grouting and its application in civil engineering a dissertation submitted by chan man piu.
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